High‐Energy Nickel‐Cobalt‐Aluminium Oxide (NCA) Cells on Idle: …
1 Introduction. For most applications of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), such as electric vehicles (EVs), the end of life (EoL) criterion is defined as the decrease of the dischargeable capacity of the battery by as little as 20 % or 30 % of its initial value. 1-3 How fast this threshold is reached will vary considerably depending on intrinsic factors, such as …