Modelling solar cells'' S-shaped I-V characteristics with an analytical solution to lumped-parameter equivalent circuit model …
1. Introduction Utilization of solar energy is very important to the future energy supply and mankind long-term interests. In recent years, solar cells (Yoshikawa et al., 2017) have made rapid progresses towards large-scale commercialization, but the problems of high cost and low power conversion efficiency (PCE) are still plaguing the …